French Type Constructed Wetlands for Sewage Treatment: Experiences from the Swings Prototype in India
نویسندگان
چکیده
This study aimed to investigate the performance of French Type Constructed Wetlands (FTCW) at a pilot scale level in real field conditions for sewage treatment India. The plant consisted hybrid wetlands two stages, vertical and horizontal sub-surface flow types. first stage comprised three compartments, vegetated with different native plants (phragmites australis, canna indica, sagittaria), operated parallel, sequentially loaded. Each VSSF bed 12.25m2 was fed raw directly 3.5 days followed by twice time resting period. second one an area 45m2, planted indica. filter media used 1 dual type (gravel coarse sand) layers. designed loadings 33.75gBOD/m2d 14.1 gNH4-N/m2d flexibility operate variable hydraulic loading rate (HLR). Two years monitoring data after steady-state condition show performances rates. Removal efficiencies COD, BOD5, TSS, TN, TP system HLR 0.4m/day were 87.1%, 87.3%, 84.6%, 67.93%, 69.32% respectively. Doubling HLR, efficiency decreased marginally same parameters. Out vegetation, phragmites has shown highest removal efficiency. demonstrated that FTCW can be suitable proposition as potential methods India similar regions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current World Environment
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2320-8031', '0973-4929']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.2.16